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Heart rate variability biofeedback reduces food cravings in high food cravers.
Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback has been reported to increase HRV while decreasing symptoms in patients with mental disorders. In addition, associations between low HRV and lowered self-regulation were found in non-clinical samples, e.g., in individuals with strong chocolate cravings or unsuccessful dieting. The current study aimed at decreasing food cravings with HRV-biofeedback in individuals frequently experiencing such cravings. Participants (N = 56) with strong or low food cravings associated with a lack of control over eating were selected from the local community. Half of the participants with strong cravings (craving-biofeedback; n = 14) performed 12 sessions of HRV-biofeedback while the other half (craving-control; n = 14) and a group with low cravings (non-craving-control; n = 28) received no intervention. Subjective food cravings related to a lack of control over eating decreased from pre- to post-measurement in the craving-biofeedback group, but remained constant in the control groups. Moreover, only the craving-biofeedback group showed a decrease in eating and weight concerns. Although HRV-biofeedback was successful in reducing food cravings, this change was not accompanied by an increase in HRV. Instead, HRV decreased in the craving-control group. This study provides preliminary evidence that HRV-biofeedback could be beneficial for attenuating dysfunctional eating behavior although specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2012 Dec;37(4):241-51. doi: 10.1007/s10484-012-9197-y. Meule A, Freund R, Skirde AK, Vögele C, Kübler A. Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Marcusstrasse 9-11, Würzburg, Germany. adrian.meule@uni-wuerzburg.de
What is your level of confidence and why should you care? To a statistician, confidence levels would mean how reliably could a certain condition occur or be predicted and expressed as a percentage. For instance, when putting if a golfer can reliably get his ball into the cup nine times out of 10, a statistician would say that he has a 90% reliability. This can also be expressed as 0.9. However, a psychologist would look at this slightly differently. What she may be looking at is the effect that a level of confidence would have on a person's self-esteem. A person's self-awareness or ego can...
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One of the most absurd human habits is that of the consumption of tobacco products. Of course, this includes the smoking cigarettes. As just about everything about cigarettes involves the ingestion of highly toxic materials, it makes absolutely no sense for anyone to smoke a cigarette. Yet three years people have been trained to smoke. This is not helped by the fact that the components of tobacco contain substances, such as nicotine, that are highly addictive.
Over the years I've worked with numerous people helping them to kick their cigarette smoking habit. Most of them start the habit...
